Transmission is a mechanism designed for changing the torque in cars. Internal combustion engines have insufficient flexibility, so the transmission is required to regulate the movement speed of the drive wheels.

• Mechanical. The process of clutch and gear shifting entirely depends on the driver.
• Automatic. Provides automatic selection of gear ratio depending on the traffic conditions.
• Robotic. The shift of gear depends on the driver, but the clutch processes are performed automatically.
• Variable speed. Continuously variable transmission, the engine transmits power directly to the drive wheels.

• Torque converter is designed to transfer torque with slippage when the engine is cold and while moving from place:
  • impeller;
  • reactor wheel;
  • turbine;
  • lockup clutch;
  • flywheel.
• Manual transmission is designed for a gradual torque change and switching the reverse gear:
  • Two planetary gears;
  • friction clutches;
  • overrunning clutches;
  • connecting shafts and drums.
• Control system carries out analysis of the factors of the engine operation and the automatic change of optimum torque:
  • engine operation sensors;
  • electronic control unit;
  • selector lever;
  • distribution module.

1. It is not recommended to switch to sport mode if the automatic transmission is unheated. It can cause premature wear of the transmission.
2. Avoid wheelspin. When you start on an icy road you should very carefully regulate the transmission and engine operation. Because of wheelspin the torque converter clutches wear out quickly.
3. Do not exceed the maximum allowable weight of the vehicle. Remember that the gearbox has well-defined limits. Do not use heavy trailers on car models that are not designed for this.
4. It is not allowed to push start a vehicle with the automatic transmission. It can result in serious malfunctions of the torque converter.
5. Remember about the peculiarities of the automatic transmission operation in different modes:
   • You can turn off the motor only in the mode "P";
   • It is possible to stop the vehicle in a mode «N» only when you press the brake pedal;
   • It is not allowed to switch modes «P» or «R» while driving.
6. It is not allowed to move over 20 km/h with the clutch depressed when using a manual transmission. This leads to rapid wear of the camshafts.
7. In winter it is not recommended to leave the car with the gear engaged.

• gear wear and damage of the gear teeth;
• axial movement of the shafts;
• worn-out condition of the shaft bearings;
• seizing of spherical joint;
• tacking the clutch;
• complete lack of reaction of the gearbox;
• wear of oil seals.

• burning smell in the cabin;
• transmission noisy in neutral;
• vibration of the shift lever;
• transmission spontaneously slips out of gear;
• transmission spontaneously or insufficiently slips in gear;
• oil leak;
• extraneous sounds when switching.

• not following the rules of exploitation;
• damage of synchronizer sleeve;
• Wear of shift fork;
• gear wear;
• wear of shift shaft;
• weakening of screw connections of fasteners of transmission;
• wear of bearings of driving or driven shaft;
• the use of spare parts and lubricants of low quality;
• looseness of rod drive fasteners and axes;
• terms of limiting operation of the system.

Transmission repair should be carried out at the service station. Diagnostic of the transmission operation includes the analysis of extraneous sounds, testing of interactions and cohesion of axles, as well as analysis of the condition of the drive.

In case of excessive wear of detail the entirely replacement of transmission is carried out. This is a very time-consuming process. It is important to ensure a proper connection of the gearbox. Apart from technical diagnostic the control of sensor system operation is carried out.

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