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Steering rack: what is it and its failure symptoms
Although there are many types of steering systems out there, the vast majority of modern passenger vehicles use a power-assisted steering rack and pinion mechanism. While this simple mechanism is popular thanks to its versatility and reliability, it does have its weaknesses.
This guide will take a look at the most common steering rack problems and their symptoms, as well as top maintenance tips to steer you in the right direction.
What is a steering rack?
The car steering rack is a crucial component responsible for converting the rotational motion of the steering wheel into linear motion to guide the wheels. You can usually find it near the vehicle’s front axle, connected to the car inner tie rods and steering column.
The component consists of a long metal rod with gear teeth cut into its side. When the driver turns the steering wheel, it rotates the column which, in turn, rotates a pinion gear. The pinion’s teeth mesh with the teeth on the rack, causing it to move to the left or right depending on the direction of the steering wheel.
In a power-assisted system, a hydraulic pump or electronic shaft is connected to the component to maximise the force applied by the driver to the steering wheel, making it easier to turn. Without this assistance, a lot of strength and effort would be required to turn the wheels.
Steering rack problems
Throughout its service life, the steering rack is subjected to high amounts of stress and vibrations. Although there is no exact lifespan for the component, at some point, it will start to wear and eventually fail. Sometimes people confuse steering rack issues for suspension problems and vice versa, so it is important to get a thorough diagnosis and understanding of the vehicle before you attempt to fix it.
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Bad steering rack symptoms:
- Contaminated steering fluid
Power steering fluid not only helps the driver turn the wheels, but it can also act as a lubricant for the steering gears, including the rack. If the fluid accumulates too much dirt and debris, it can cause the parts to wear more rapidly due to increased friction. This could also be a sign that the system’s seals have gone bad. In addition to replacing the worn parts, the system may need to be flushed.
- Steering rack leaks
You’ll only see a significant decline in the fluid levels when there is a leak, which is usually caused by damaged seals. If left untreated for a long time, the power steering rack components can overheat and break down. There may also be a greater risk of corrosion.
- Strange noises when steering
For example, if you can hear a metal-on-metal grinding sound, it could indicate that the gears aren’t sufficiently lubricated or require a replacement. You may also hear a knocking sound when turning the car if the rack components are damaged or worn. In addition to a noisy steering rack, the steering wheel may vibrate excessively if the rack is loose or misaligned.
- Steering wheel gets stuck or feels stiff
A common indicator of a rusty or damaged rack is a steering wheel that feels heavy or stiff when turning. This is particularly noticeable when driving at low speeds. It could also be the result of a loss of hydraulic fluid or an issue with the car's power steering pump.
- A loose steering wheel
At the opposite end of the spectrum, the wheel could feel loose or sloppier than usual.This can occur when the rack is disconnected from the column or the gears are loose.
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Pro maintenance tips
To ensure smooth handling and responsive steering, proper routine maintenance is necessary. It will also help you to extend the service life of the components.
- Inspect the parts at regular intervals
This is particularly important for those who drive older vehicles with a higher than average mileage. We recommend that you inspect the steering rack for any signs of damage, leaks, or loose components, as well as excessive play in the links.
- Check the fluid regularly and change it when necessary
- Ensure that the recommended fluid levels are maintained.
- Maintain the correct tyre pressures and proper wheel alignment
Improperly inflated tyres and misaligned wheels can also put excessive strain on the steering system, leading to premature wear.
- Avoid potholes, curbs and other road obstructions
Even when you do everything right, things can still go wrong. Moreover, the steering rack could fail simply due to ageing. If you’re looking for a replacement, you can find compatible parts online by searching using relevant keywords, e.g. “steering rack Ford Fiesta”, or the OEM part number.
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