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Engine overheating: What is a normal engine and coolant temperature and what causes a car to overheat?

Table of content

  1. How do you know if the engine has overheated?
  2. Engine overheating at idle
  3. Engine coolant over temperature
  4. Normal engine oil temperature in Celsius
  5. What are the 10 common causes of overheating?
  6. Prevent overheating: key areas to monitor
  7. How long does it take for an engine to cool down?
  8. How long to let the engine cool before adding oil?
  9. What to do if the engine overheats?

For most of the modern car, the normal operating engine temperature is in the range of 75 to 105 degrees Celsius. When it reaches 80-90 degrees, the thermostat allows the cooling fluid flow through the other cooling circuit. If the temperature continues rising, the radiator fan starts cooling the engine. An engine cooling system is a complex structure with many components which, if malfunctioning, can cause the engine to overheat.

How do you know if the engine has overheated?

The car's temperature gauge usually has a needle that moves between "C" (cold) and "H" (hot). During normal operation, the needle should remain in the centre of the gauge or slightly below, indicating that the engine is operating within a safe temperature range. If the needle starts to move towards the "H" mark, it's a sign that the engine is getting too hot.

Engine overheating is a serious problem that can cause significant damage if not addressed promptly. Typically, a car is considered to be overheating when the engine temperature exceeds 105 degrees Celsius (221 degrees Fahrenheit). Most modern vehicles are equipped with a dashboard temperature gauge, which is an essential tool for monitoring engine health.

Engine coolant temperature sensor

Engine overheating at idle

If your engine overheats at idle, it could be due to a faulty radiator fan, low coolant level, a blocked radiator, a faulty thermostat or a faulty water pump. These problems prevent proper cooling, especially when the car isn't moving, leading to overheating. Prompt inspection is essential to avoid engine damage.

VALEO 701522 Engine radiator Aluminium, 340 x 650 x 23 mm, with coolant regulator, Mechanically jointed cooling fins
Parts Details
  • Radiator type: Mechanically jointed cooling fins
  • Material: Aluminium
  • Outlet Ø [mm]: 32
  • Inlet Ø [mm]: 32
  • Weight [kg]: 3,01
  • Heating / Cooling: for vehicles without oil cooler
  • Supplementary Article / Supplementary Info Info 2: with coolant regulator
  • Core Width [mm]: 650
  • Core Length [mm]: 340
  • Core Depth [mm]: 23
  • VALEO: Engine radiator
  • Item number: 701522
  • Our price: £ 67,10
  • Condition: New
Details
VALEO Engine radiator Aluminium, 340 x 650 x 23 mm, with coolant regulator, Mechanically jointed cooling fins
Article number: 701522
£ 67,10
price incl. 20% VAT, excl. delivery costs
1.919.75 MAHLE ORIGINAL TH 5 75 Thermostat Opening Temperature: 75°C
Parts Details
  • Opening Temperature [°C]: 75
  • Packaging width [cm]: 6,70, 6,71
  • Packaging length [cm]: 8,7
  • Packaging height [cm]: 9,19, 9,20
  • Net Weight [g]: 62, 64
  • MAHLE ORIGINAL: Thermostat
  • Item number: TH 5 75
  • Our price: £ 20,65
  • Condition: New
Details
MAHLE ORIGINAL Thermostat Opening Temperature: 75°C
Article number: TH 5 75
£ 20,65
price incl. 20% VAT, excl. delivery costs
-18%
P672 HEPU XT-Professional P673 Water pump Number of Teeth: 29, with gaskets/seals, with thermal management module, Mechanical
Parts Details
  • Product line: XT-Professional
  • Number of Teeth: 29
  • Operating Mode: Mechanical
  • Supplementary Article / Supplementary Info Info 2: with thermal management module
  • Supplementary Article / Supplementary Info: with gaskets / seals
  • Observe service information
  • HEPU: Water pump
  • Item number: P673
  • Our price: £ 365,24
  • Condition: New
Details
HEPU Water pump Number of Teeth: 29, with gaskets/seals, with thermal management module, Mechanical
Article number: P673
RRP

£ 447,76
£ 365,24
price incl. 20% VAT, free delivery
-33%
METZGER 4006164 Thermostat Opening Temperature: 95°C, Plastic
Parts Details
  • Opening Temperature [°C]: 95
  • Number of connectors: 2
  • Operating Mode: Electrically Controlled
  • Additionally required articles (article numbers): 4010499
  • Housing material: Plastic
  • Number of sensors: 1
  • METZGER: Thermostat
  • Item number: 4006164
  • Our price: £ 50,43
  • Condition: New
Details
METZGER Thermostat Opening Temperature: 95°C, Plastic
Article number: 4006164
RRP

£ 76,27
£ 50,43
price incl. 20% VAT, excl. delivery costs
-16%
FEBI BILSTEIN 103197 Thermostat Opening Temperature: 105°C, with seal, with Temperature Switch
Parts Details
  • Opening Temperature [°C]: 105
  • Supplementary Article / Supplementary Info: with seal
  • Weight [kg]: 0,503
  • Supplementary Article / Supplementary Info Info 2: with Temperature Switch
  • Observe service information
  • FEBI BILSTEIN: Thermostat
  • Item number: 103197
  • Our price: £ 63,60
  • Condition: New
Details
FEBI BILSTEIN Thermostat Opening Temperature: 105°C, with seal, with Temperature Switch
Article number: 103197
RRP

£ 76,20
£ 63,60
price incl. 20% VAT, excl. delivery costs

Engine coolant over temperature

Engine coolant over temperature refers to a condition where the engine coolant temperature exceeds the safe operating range specified by the manufacturer. If left unchecked, an over-temperature condition can cause the engine to overheat, leading to serious issues such as warped cylinder heads, blown head gaskets, or even complete engine failure.

Normal engine oil temperature in Celsius

The normal engine oil temperature for most vehicles is typically between 90°C and 120°C. This temperature range allows the engine oil to maintain its optimum viscosity, ensuring proper lubrication and protection of engine components. At these temperatures, the oil is fluid enough to flow easily and provide the necessary cooling, yet thick enough to form a protective film on engine parts.

Engine overheating

What are the 10 common causes of overheating?

If your car is overheating, there are ten common causes you need to look out for. These include coolant leaks, low coolant, a faulty thermostat, a broken radiator fan, radiator issues, clogged hoses, water pump failure, malfunctioning radiator cap, engine oil problems, and a blocked exhaust system.

Here's a list of common causes of engine overheating:

  1. Coolant leaks: Leaks in the cooling system can cause a loss of coolant, reducing the engine's ability to cool properly.
  2. Low coolant: Low coolant levels prevent the engine from maintaining the correct temperature.
  3. Faulty thermostat: A thermostat that doesn't open as it should can block the flow of coolant, leading to overheating.
  4. Faulty radiator fan: A faulty fan reduces airflow through the radiator, particularly at low speeds or when idling, causing overheating.
  5. Radiator problems: Problems such as clogging or damage can reduce the radiator's ability to dissipate heat.
  6. Clogged hoses: Clogged coolant hoses restrict the flow of coolant, preventing the engine from cooling properly.
  7. Water pump failure: A faulty water pump won't circulate coolant effectively, leading to overheating.
  8. Faulty radiator cap: A faulty radiator cap can allow coolant to leak, reducing system pressure and cooling efficiency.
  9. Engine oil problems: Low or deteriorated engine oil can cause the engine to run hotter.
  10. Blocked exhaust system: Blockages in the exhaust system can cause excessive heat build-up

Add coolant to car

Prevent overheating: key areas to monitor

The average engine temperature typically ranges from 75 to 105°C. When it exceeds 105°C, it's considered a high engine temperature, signalling potential overheating.

A common cause of engine overheating is low coolant levels, often due to worn hoses or leaks. These leaks allow air into the system, reducing its cooling efficiency. A damaged radiator can also cause coolant loss, leading to similar issues.

REINZ 01-37045-01 Full Gasket Set, engine with valve stem seals, with crankshaft seal, without integrated shaft seal
Parts Details
  • Supplementary Article / Supplementary Info: with valve stem seals, with crankshaft seal, without integrated shaft seal
  • only in connection with: 14-32277-01
  • REINZ: Full Gasket Set, engine
  • Item number: 01-37045-01
  • Our price: £ 160,73
  • Condition: New
Details
REINZ Full Gasket Set, engine with valve stem seals, with crankshaft seal, without integrated shaft seal
Article number: 01-37045-01
£ 160,73
price incl. 20% VAT, free delivery
INA 538 0360 10 Water pump with belt pulley, with seal, with water pump, with thermal management module, with housing, for timing belt drive
Parts Details
  • Housing Type: with housing
  • Pulleys: with belt pulley
  • Water Pump Type: for timing belt drive
  • Supplementary Article / Supplementary Info Info 2: with thermal management module
  • Supplementary Article / Supplementary Info: with seal, with water pump
  • INA: Water pump
  • Item number: 538 0360 10
  • Our price: £ 303,59
  • Condition: New
Details
INA Water pump with belt pulley, with seal, with water pump, with thermal management module, with housing, for timing belt drive
Article number: 538 0360 10
£ 303,59
price incl. 20% VAT, free delivery
-20%
AKS DASIS 120170N Engine radiator Aluminium, for vehicles with/without air conditioning, 417 x 495 x 32 mm, Manual-/optional automatic transmission, Brazed cooling fins
Parts Details
  • Cooling fins material: Aluminium
  • Radiator type: Brazed cooling fins
  • Water Tank Material (radiator): Plastic
  • Transmission Type: Manual- / optional automatic transmission
  • Vehicle Equipment: for vehicles with / without air conditioning
  • Outlet Ø [mm]: 35
  • Inlet Ø [mm]: 35
  • Weight [kg]: 3,6
  • Packaging length [cm]: 59,9
  • Packaging width [cm]: 55,6
  • Packaging height [cm]: 10,4
  • Core Length [mm]: 417
  • Core Width [mm]: 495
  • Core Depth [mm]: 32
  • AKS DASIS: Engine radiator
  • Item number: 120170N
  • Our price: £ 157,22
  • Condition: New
Details
AKS DASIS Engine radiator Aluminium, for vehicles with/without air conditioning, 417 x 495 x 32 mm, Manual-/optional automatic transmission, Brazed cooling fins
Article number: 120170N
RRP

£ 198,57
£ 157,22
price incl. 20% VAT, free delivery
-55%
638 758 001 TOPRAN 638 758 Thermostat housing with gaskets/seals, without thermostat
Parts Details
  • Supplementary Article / Supplementary Info Info 2: without thermostat
  • Supplementary Article / Supplementary Info: with gaskets / seals
  • Housing Type: Synthetic Material Housing
  • Housing material: GRP (Glass fibre Reinforced Plastic), PA 66 GF 30
  • Seal Material: EPDM (ethylene propylene diene Monomer (M-class) rubber)
  • Always compare old and new part (in particular OE No.)
  • TOPRAN: Thermostat housing
  • Item number: 638 758
  • Our price: £ 30,50
  • Condition: New
Details
TOPRAN Thermostat housing with gaskets/seals, without thermostat
Article number: 638 758
RRP

£ 68,66
£ 30,50
price incl. 20% VAT, excl. delivery costs
-63%
ELRING 817.384 Gasket Set, cylinder head with valve stem seals
Parts Details
  • Supplementary Article / Supplementary Info: with valve stem seals
  • Additionally required articles (article numbers): 820.229
  • Installed thickness [mm]: 1,88
  • Goods tariff number: 8484900000
  • ELRING: Gasket Set, cylinder head
  • Item number: 817.384
  • Our price: £ 83,45
  • Condition: New
Details
ELRING Gasket Set, cylinder head with valve stem seals
Article number: 817.384
RRP

£ 230,59
£ 83,45
price incl. 20% VAT, excl. delivery costs

If the coolant level is fine but the engine still overheats, a stuck or clogged thermostat could be to blame. This device is meant to open an extra cooling circuit when temperatures rise, but a faulty one will restrict coolant flow.

A failing water pump or a damaged pump belt can also cause overheating by disrupting coolant

circulation. Blocked hoses or radiator passages, often due to scale buildup from non-distilled water, may further hinder coolant flow.

Overheating can also stem from low engine oil, which reduces lubrication, causing friction and heat. A blown head gasket or a broken radiator fan can similarly lead to rising engine temperatures, making prompt attention crucial.

Engine thermostat

How long does it take for an engine to cool down?

Generally, it can take anywhere from 30 minutes to several hours for an engine to cool down completely after being turned off. On a hot day, it might take longer for the engine to cool, while cooler weather or the use of a cooling fan could shorten the time. It's important to let the engine cool adequately before performing any maintenance to avoid burns or other injuries. The time it takes for an engine to cool down can vary depending on several factors, including the engine's size, the ambient temperature, and whether the vehicle is in a shaded or exposed area.

How long to let the engine cool before adding oil?

It's usually best to let the engine cool for about 10 to 15 minutes before adding oil. This lets the engine and its parts settle down and reduces the risk of burns when handling the oil cap or dipstick. Also, if the engine is too hot, the oil reading might not be accurate, which could lead to overfilling or underfilling. However, the engine doesn't need to be completely cold, as warm oil flows better and mixes more evenly.

What to do if the engine overheats?

To start, turn off the air conditioning to lighten the load on the engine and turn on the heater to its highest setting. This may seem counterintuitive, but the heater draws heat away from the engine into the cabin, which can help lower the engine temperature. As soon as possible, find a safe place to pull over, turn off the engine, and let it cool down for at least 15-30 minutes. This cooling period is crucial as it allows the engine and its components to return to a safer engine operating temperature before you inspect or add coolant.

Once the engine has cooled, carefully open the hood and check the coolant level in the overflow tank. If the coolant is low, you may need to add more, but only do so after ensuring the engine is no longer hot to avoid injury from steam or hot liquid. Inspect the radiator, hoses, and coolant reservoir for any signs of leaks or damage.

If all appears well and the coolant level is adequate, you may restart the engine and monitor the temperature gauge closely. Should the engine overheat again, it is advisable to call for roadside assistance rather than risk further damage by continuing to drive. It is important to remember that regular maintenance of your vehicle's cooling system including the thermostat is essential to prevent overheating incidents and to ensure the engine remains within its optimal engine operating temperature.

An engine is the heart of any vehicle and should be treated with the utmost care and attention. Overheating greatly reduces the life of the engine and sometimes major repairs exceed the value of the car. Always pay attention to warning lights and temperature gauges, check coolant and oil levels and make sure there are no leaks if you notice any fluid under your car.

AUTODOC Bestsellers: parts at a good price

REINZ 01-52425-04 Full Gasket Set, engine with crankshaft seal, with valve stem seals
Parts Details
  • Supplementary Article / Supplementary Info: with crankshaft seal, with valve stem seals
  • only in connection with: 14-55074-01
  • REINZ: Full Gasket Set, engine
  • Item number: 01-52425-04
  • Our price: £ 66,56
  • Condition: New
Details
REINZ Full Gasket Set, engine with crankshaft seal, with valve stem seals
Article number: 01-52425-04
£ 66,56
price incl. 20% VAT, excl. delivery costs
-72%
REINZ 01-35160-01 Full Gasket Set, engine with valve stem seals, with crankshaft seal
Parts Details
  • Supplementary Article / Supplementary Info: with valve stem seals, with crankshaft seal
  • REINZ: Full Gasket Set, engine
  • Item number: 01-35160-01
  • Our price: £ 76,80
  • Condition: New
Details
REINZ Full Gasket Set, engine with valve stem seals, with crankshaft seal
Article number: 01-35160-01
RRP

£ 282,90
£ 76,80
price incl. 20% VAT, excl. delivery costs
PIERBURG 7.10942.10.0 Water pump with seal ring, switchable water pump, electromagnetic, Plastic
Parts Details
  • Water pump impeller material: Plastic
  • Impeller Diameter [mm]: 54,7
  • Operating Mode: electromagnetic
  • Supplementary Article / Supplementary Info Info 2: with seal ring, switchable water pump
  • Water pump clutch diameter [mm]: 120
  • PIERBURG: Water pump
  • Item number: 7.10942.10.0
  • Our price: £ 166,74
  • Condition: New
Details
PIERBURG Water pump with seal ring, switchable water pump, electromagnetic, Plastic
Article number: 7.10942.10.0
£ 166,74
price incl. 20% VAT, free delivery
7412-10081 GATES TH04182G1 Thermostat Opening Temperature: 82°C, with gaskets/seals, without housing
Parts Details
  • Opening Temperature [°C]: 82
  • Supplementary Article / Supplementary Info: with gaskets / seals
  • Housing Type: without housing
  • GATES: Thermostat
  • Item number: TH04182G1
  • Our price: £ 9,23
  • Condition: New
Details
GATES Thermostat Opening Temperature: 82°C, with gaskets/seals, without housing
Article number: TH04182G1
£ 9,23
price incl. 20% VAT, excl. delivery costs
ELRING 732.640 Gasket, cylinder head 1,35 mm, Ø: 84 mm, Multilayer Steel (MLS)
Parts Details
  • Thickness [mm]: 1,35
  • Diameter [mm]: 84
  • Installed thickness [mm]: 1,35
  • Gasket Design: Multilayer Steel (MLS)
  • Additionally required articles (article numbers): 584.500
  • Number of layers: 3
  • Goods tariff number: 8484100000
  • ELRING: Gasket, cylinder head
  • Item number: 732.640
  • Our price: £ 45,57
  • Condition: New
Details
ELRING Gasket, cylinder head 1,35 mm, Ø: 84 mm, Multilayer Steel (MLS)
Article number: 732.640
£ 45,57
price incl. 20% VAT, excl. delivery costs
VALEO 732872 Engine radiator Aluminium, 650 x 415 x 34 mm, without coolant regulator, Mechanically jointed cooling fins
Parts Details
  • Radiator type: Mechanically jointed cooling fins
  • Material: Aluminium
  • Outlet Ø [mm]: 32
  • Inlet Ø [mm]: 32
  • Weight [kg]: 4,31
  • Heating / Cooling: for vehicles without oil cooler
  • Supplementary Article / Supplementary Info Info 2: without coolant regulator
  • Core Width [mm]: 415
  • Core Length [mm]: 650
  • Core Depth [mm]: 34
  • VALEO: Engine radiator
  • Item number: 732872
  • Our price: £ 62,59
  • Condition: New
Details
VALEO Engine radiator Aluminium, 650 x 415 x 34 mm, without coolant regulator, Mechanically jointed cooling fins
Article number: 732872
£ 62,59
price incl. 20% VAT, excl. delivery costs
72489033 MAHLE ORIGINAL TM 58 101 Thermostat Opening Temperature: 101°C, with seal
Parts Details
  • Opening Temperature [°C]: 101
  • Supplementary Article / Supplementary Info: with seal
  • Packaging width [cm]: 11,20
  • Packaging length [cm]: 12,0
  • Packaging height [cm]: 15,70
  • Net Weight [g]: 248
  • MAHLE ORIGINAL: Thermostat
  • Item number: TM 58 101
  • Our price: £ 74,04
  • Condition: New
Details
MAHLE ORIGINAL Thermostat Opening Temperature: 101°C, with seal
Article number: TM 58 101
£ 74,04
price incl. 20% VAT, excl. delivery costs
-55%
205 174 001 TOPRAN 205 174 Thermostat Opening Temperature: 92°C, with seal, with housing, Metal Housing
Parts Details
  • Opening Temperature [°C]: 92
  • Supplementary Article / Supplementary Info: with seal
  • Housing Type: with housing, Metal Housing
  • TOPRAN: Thermostat
  • Item number: 205 174
  • Our price: £ 8,82
  • Condition: New
Details
TOPRAN Thermostat Opening Temperature: 92°C, with seal, with housing, Metal Housing
Article number: 205 174
RRP

£ 19,92
£ 8,82
price incl. 20% VAT, excl. delivery costs
SKF VKPC 81278 Water pump with gaskets/seals, with integrated disabling contact, switchable water pump, Plastic, for timing belt drive
Parts Details
  • Water pump impeller material: Plastic
  • Water Pump Type: for timing belt drive
  • Supplementary Article / Supplementary Info Info 2: with integrated disabling contact, switchable water pump
  • Supplementary Article / Supplementary Info: with gaskets / seals
  • Number of bolts / screws: 3
  • Colour: blue, black
  • SKF: Water pump
  • Item number: VKPC 81278
  • Our price: £ 124,63
  • Condition: New
Details
SKF Water pump with gaskets/seals, with integrated disabling contact, switchable water pump, Plastic, for timing belt drive
Article number: VKPC 81278
£ 124,63
price incl. 20% VAT, excl. delivery costs
ABAKUS 038-025-0007 Thermostat housing with sensor
Parts Details
  • Supplementary Article / Supplementary Info Info 2: with sensor
  • ABAKUS: Thermostat housing
  • Item number: 038-025-0007
  • Our price: £ 21,56
  • Condition: New
Details
ABAKUS Thermostat housing with sensor
Article number: 038-025-0007
£ 21,56
price incl. 20% VAT, excl. delivery costs

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